Engineering crops with insecticidal protein
genes is one of first major projects in plant biotechnology.
The value of such technology to the
seed:biotechnology industry, the farmer, the environment
and the consumer is obvious. Insect-resistant
crops could reduce the cost, time and
efforts spent protecting crops from insects and
could contribute to an environmentally friendly
production system. However, transgenic plants
need to be integrated in pest management strate-gies
Insects have demonstrated a high capacity to
develop resistance to a wide array of chemical
insecticides [63]. Recently, with B. thuringiensisbased
insecticides, resistance has developped in
field populations of Plutella xylostella [64] and
different insects have developed resistance to B.
thuringiensis toxins in laboratory conditions (reviewed
in [65]). Therefore, one of the most critical
aspects of the use of insect-resistant transgenic
crops will be their safe deployment. If the protection
afforded is to be durable, these crops require
management strategies similar to those implemented
for crops harbouring resistance genes introduced
though traditionnal breeding. At
present, these management strategies concern B.
thuringiensis-expressing plants since they have already
reached the market. Many of the alleles
confering insect resistance are recessive, and management
strategies have focused on ensuring that
a sufficient number of susceptible insects are
present, thus ensuring that the resistance allele
will not be fixed in the population. Strategies to
retain susceptibility to B. thuringiensis genes have
already been proposed [66] and are discussed in
different publications [26,27,67]. These strategies
(Table 4) are based on existing methods for the
management of insecticide resistance, and are not
mutually exclusive.
Engineering crops with insecticidal proteingenes is one of first major projects in plant biotechnology.The value of such technology to theseed:biotechnology industry, the farmer, the environmentand the consumer is obvious. Insect-resistantcrops could reduce the cost, time andefforts spent protecting crops from insects andcould contribute to an environmentally friendlyproduction system. However, transgenic plantsneed to be integrated in pest management strate-giesInsects have demonstrated a high capacity todevelop resistance to a wide array of chemicalinsecticides [63]. Recently, with B. thuringiensisbasedinsecticides, resistance has developped infield populations of Plutella xylostella [64] anddifferent insects have developed resistance to B.thuringiensis toxins in laboratory conditions (reviewedin [65]). Therefore, one of the most criticalaspects of the use of insect-resistant transgeniccrops will be their safe deployment. If the protectionafforded is to be durable, these crops requiremanagement strategies similar to those implementedfor crops harbouring resistance genes introducedthough traditionnal breeding. Atpresent, these management strategies concern B.thuringiensis-expressing plants since they have alreadyreached the market. Many of the allelesconfering insect resistance are recessive, and managementstrategies have focused on ensuring thata sufficient number of susceptible insects arepresent, thus ensuring that the resistance allelewill not be fixed in the population. Strategies toretain susceptibility to B. thuringiensis genes havealready been proposed [66] and are discussed indifferent publications [26,27,67]. These strategies(Table 4) are based on existing methods for themanagement of insecticide resistance, and are notmutually exclusive.
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