Matching problems and process uncertainties pose unique
requirements on construction planning systems. An analogy
with manufacturing production systems is appropriate to explain
what these are. Specifically, the lean production philosophy is
relevant (Ohno 1988). Lean production focuses on adding value
to a raw material as it proceeds through various processing steps
to end up as a finished product. It advocates the avoidance,
elimination, or at least reduction of waste from this so-called
value stream. By considering waste not only in or produced by
individual operations but in the value stream at large, lean
production adopts a systems view.