the actions taken when the event occurs are shown below the horizontal line. When
no action is taken on an event, or no event occurs and an action is taken, we’ll use
the symbol below or above the horizontal, respectively, to explicitly denote the
lack of an action or event. The initial state of the FSM is indicated by the dashed
arrow. Although the FSMs in Figure 3.9 have but one state, the FSMs we will see
shortly have multiple states, so it will be important to identify the initial state of
each FSM.