Although there was no difference in RPE response, both modes of fixed-intensity exercise revealed significant increases
in effort perception 24 and 48 hours after EIMD. These results are consistent with previous research investigating the effects of EIMD during cycling and running.Jameson and Ring suggested that effort perception during endurance exercise is
based on a combination of both peripheral (increased leg pain) and central (feelings of breathlessness) feedback. The increased knee extensor soreness reported in the current study could have provided the peripheral cue, while the elevated _VE and f R responses reported during both modes of exercise provided the central cue. Moreover, activation of mechanoreceptors in the chest wall, lungs, and airways might have increased breathing rate, influencing the participants in perceiving exercise to be harder following squatting exercise. Marcora challenged the view that effort perception during exercise is dependent o feedback from the skeletal muscle, heart, and lungs, suggesting that an increase in RPE during exercise is centrally governed from the brain. However,Amann et al60 reported that a reduction in _VE and RPE responses occurred through blocking the afferent feedback response from the locomotor muscles. Arguably, therefore, muscle afferents in the current study might have influenced RPE responses during both cycling and running modes after muscle-damaging exercise. Although attempts were made to ensure that the exercise intensities between running and cycling were similar, it is possible that our findings were influenced by the participants’ training history. While they were engaged in regular endurance exercise (2-3 sessions per week), this mainly consisted of running-based activity with limited cycling training. Unsurprisingly, symptoms associated with EIMD are dependent on training history, with greater responses being reported in less active muscle groups than in those regularly exposed to exercise.Furthermore, individuals more accustomed with running are able to exercise at a higher intensity for a given RPE compared to those accustomed with cycling. Therefore, it is possible that participants in the current study tolerated running with muscle damage due to their greater familiarity with the exercise modality, while the unexpected increase in V_ O2 during cycling might have occurred due to the participants being less familiar with this type of exercise. In conclusion, submaximal oxygen uptake and ventilatory responses were increased during both running and cycling modes after EIMD. However, the time course of these appeared to be mode specific. It is posited that the elevated V_ O2 responses observed during running were due to changes in lower limb kinematics and a decreased ability to utilize the SSC, while the recruitment of auxiliary muscles after EIMD might have led to the unexpected increase in cycling V_ O2 response. The differences in ventilatory response between exercise modes after muscle damage were possibly due to different stimuli activating afferent muscle fibers. Future studies should examine whether alterations in muscle recruitment are responsible for changes in physiological responses during submaximal endurance exercise and whether such changes occur in participants trained in both cycling and running. From an applied perspective, given that long-term resistance exercise can improve endurance performance, individuals considering concurrent training should be aware of the consequences that unaccustomed resistance exercise can have on submaximal cycling and running exercise performed in the days following.
Although there was no difference in RPE response, both modes of fixed-intensity exercise revealed significant increases
in effort perception 24 and 48 hours after EIMD. These results are consistent with previous research investigating the effects of EIMD during cycling and running.Jameson and Ring suggested that effort perception during endurance exercise is
based on a combination of both peripheral (increased leg pain) and central (feelings of breathlessness) feedback. The increased knee extensor soreness reported in the current study could have provided the peripheral cue, while the elevated _VE and f R responses reported during both modes of exercise provided the central cue. Moreover, activation of mechanoreceptors in the chest wall, lungs, and airways might have increased breathing rate, influencing the participants in perceiving exercise to be harder following squatting exercise. Marcora challenged the view that effort perception during exercise is dependent o feedback from the skeletal muscle, heart, and lungs, suggesting that an increase in RPE during exercise is centrally governed from the brain. However,Amann et al60 reported that a reduction in _VE and RPE responses occurred through blocking the afferent feedback response from the locomotor muscles. Arguably, therefore, muscle afferents in the current study might have influenced RPE responses during both cycling and running modes after muscle-damaging exercise. Although attempts were made to ensure that the exercise intensities between running and cycling were similar, it is possible that our findings were influenced by the participants’ training history. While they were engaged in regular endurance exercise (2-3 sessions per week), this mainly consisted of running-based activity with limited cycling training. Unsurprisingly, symptoms associated with EIMD are dependent on training history, with greater responses being reported in less active muscle groups than in those regularly exposed to exercise.Furthermore, individuals more accustomed with running are able to exercise at a higher intensity for a given RPE compared to those accustomed with cycling. Therefore, it is possible that participants in the current study tolerated running with muscle damage due to their greater familiarity with the exercise modality, while the unexpected increase in V_ O2 during cycling might have occurred due to the participants being less familiar with this type of exercise. In conclusion, submaximal oxygen uptake and ventilatory responses were increased during both running and cycling modes after EIMD. However, the time course of these appeared to be mode specific. It is posited that the elevated V_ O2 responses observed during running were due to changes in lower limb kinematics and a decreased ability to utilize the SSC, while the recruitment of auxiliary muscles after EIMD might have led to the unexpected increase in cycling V_ O2 response. The differences in ventilatory response between exercise modes after muscle damage were possibly due to different stimuli activating afferent muscle fibers. Future studies should examine whether alterations in muscle recruitment are responsible for changes in physiological responses during submaximal endurance exercise and whether such changes occur in participants trained in both cycling and running. From an applied perspective, given that long-term resistance exercise can improve endurance performance, individuals considering concurrent training should be aware of the consequences that unaccustomed resistance exercise can have on submaximal cycling and running exercise performed in the days following.
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