a 2-mass resonant system. In Fig. 3, the transfer function from
input torque τ ref to motor position θ is written as
θ
τ ref =
1
Jms2
s2 + Ks/Jl
s2 + (Jm + Jl )Ks/JmJl
. (3)
By comparing (3) with (1), a flexible arm can be modeled as a
2-mass resonant system with an equivalent motor inertia Jm, an
equivalent load inertia Jl , and an equivalent spring coefficient
Ks as defined from (4) to (6), respectively [7].
Jm = Jt
1 + φ(0)2
(4)
Jl = Jtφ
(0)2
1 + φ(0)2
(5)
Ks = Jtφ
(0)2ω2
(1 + φ(0)2)2 . (6)
Assume that a disturbance torque τ dis entering at a motor input
is composed as (7), where D and τ fric are motor viscosity and
friction torque, respectively.
τ dis = Dsθ + τ fric + τ reac. (7)
Another expression of τ dis is obtained from Fig. 3 as follows:
τ dis = τ ref − Jms2θ. (8)
From (7) and (8), a reaction force τ reac is estimated by
ˆτ reac = F(τ ref − Jms2θ − Dsθ − ˆτ fric) (9)
where F is the second order low-pass filter in order to avoid pure
derivation of θ and suppress the effect of the neglected higher
order vibration modes. ˆτ fric is defined as follows:
ˆτ fric =
τ c sgn(θ˙), if |θ˙| = 0
τ c sgn(τ ref ), if θ˙ = 0 and |τ ref | > τ c
τ ref , if θ˙ = 0 and |τ ref | ≤ τ c
(10)
where τ c denotes the identified coulomb friction torque. The cutoff
frequency of F is determined as 200 [rad/s] in consideration
of the fact that the first and the second order vibration modes
exists around 25 [rad/s] and 300 [rad/s], respectively.
2) Adaptive GainK: From Fig. 3, the transfer function from
τ ref to τ reac are written as
τ reac
τ ref = Ks/Jm
s2 + (Jm + Jl )Ks/JmJl
= φ
(0)2ω2/(1 + φ
(0)2)
s2 + ω2 . (11)
Comparing (2) with (11) yields the following relationship between
τ reac and Sd :
Sd = Kτreac (12)
K =
(1 + φ
(0)2)φ
(x)
Jtφ(0)ω2 . (13)
Equation (12) implies that Sd can be estimated from only available
signals, θ and τ ref .However, plant deviations, disturbances,
and inevitable identified errors on plant parameters such as Jt
and φ may cause to poor estimation of Sd . In order to improve
a 2-mass resonant system. In Fig. 3, the transfer function frominput torque τ ref to motor position θ is written asθτ ref =1Jms2s2 + Ks/Jls2 + (Jm + Jl )Ks/JmJl. (3)By comparing (3) with (1), a flexible arm can be modeled as a2-mass resonant system with an equivalent motor inertia Jm, anequivalent load inertia Jl , and an equivalent spring coefficientKs as defined from (4) to (6), respectively [7].Jm = Jt1 + φ(0)2(4)Jl = Jtφ(0)21 + φ(0)2(5)Ks = Jtφ(0)2ω2(1 + φ(0)2)2 . (6)Assume that a disturbance torque τ dis entering at a motor inputis composed as (7), where D and τ fric are motor viscosity andfriction torque, respectively.τ dis = Dsθ + τ fric + τ reac. (7)Another expression of τ dis is obtained from Fig. 3 as follows:τ dis = τ ref − Jms2θ. (8)From (7) and (8), a reaction force τ reac is estimated byˆτ reac = F(τ ref − Jms2θ − Dsθ − ˆτ fric) (9)where F is the second order low-pass filter in order to avoid purederivation of θ and suppress the effect of the neglected higherorder vibration modes. ˆτ fric is defined as follows:ˆτ fric =τ c sgn(θ˙), if |θ˙| = 0τ c sgn(τ ref ), if θ˙ = 0 and |τ ref | > τ cτ ref , if θ˙ = 0 and |τ ref | ≤ τ c(10)where τ c denotes the identified coulomb friction torque. The cutofffrequency of F is determined as 200 [rad/s] in considerationof the fact that the first and the second order vibration modesexists around 25 [rad/s] and 300 [rad/s], respectively.2) Adaptive GainK: From Fig. 3, the transfer function fromτ ref to τ reac are written asτ reacτ ref = Ks/Jms2 + (Jm + Jl )Ks/JmJl= φ(0)2ω2/(1 + φ(0)2)s2 + ω2 . (11)Comparing (2) with (11) yields the following relationship betweenτ reac and Sd :Sd = Kτreac (12)K =(1 + φ(0)2)φ (x)Jtφ(0)ω2 . (13)Equation (12) implies that Sd can be estimated from only availablesignals, θ and τ ref .However, plant deviations, disturbances,and inevitable identified errors on plant parameters such as Jtand φ may cause to poor estimation of Sd . In order to improve
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a 2-mass resonant system. In Fig. 3, the transfer function from
input torque τ ref to motor position θ is written as
θ
τ ref =
1
Jms2
s2 + Ks/Jl
s2 + (Jm + Jl )Ks/JmJl
. (3)
By comparing (3) with (1), a flexible arm can be modeled as a
2-mass resonant system with an equivalent motor inertia Jm, an
equivalent load inertia Jl , and an equivalent spring coefficient
Ks as defined from (4) to (6), respectively [7].
Jm = Jt
1 + φ(0)2
(4)
Jl = Jtφ
(0)2
1 + φ(0)2
(5)
Ks = Jtφ
(0)2ω2
(1 + φ(0)2)2 . (6)
Assume that a disturbance torque τ dis entering at a motor input
is composed as (7), where D and τ fric are motor viscosity and
friction torque, respectively.
τ dis = Dsθ + τ fric + τ reac. (7)
Another expression of τ dis is obtained from Fig. 3 as follows:
τ dis = τ ref − Jms2θ. (8)
From (7) and (8), a reaction force τ reac is estimated by
ˆτ reac = F(τ ref − Jms2θ − Dsθ − ˆτ fric) (9)
where F is the second order low-pass filter in order to avoid pure
derivation of θ and suppress the effect of the neglected higher
order vibration modes. ˆτ fric is defined as follows:
ˆτ fric =
τ c sgn(θ˙), if |θ˙| = 0
τ c sgn(τ ref ), if θ˙ = 0 and |τ ref | > τ c
τ ref , if θ˙ = 0 and |τ ref | ≤ τ c
(10)
where τ c denotes the identified coulomb friction torque. The cutoff
frequency of F is determined as 200 [rad/s] in consideration
of the fact that the first and the second order vibration modes
exists around 25 [rad/s] and 300 [rad/s], respectively.
2) Adaptive GainK: From Fig. 3, the transfer function from
τ ref to τ reac are written as
τ reac
τ ref = Ks/Jm
s2 + (Jm + Jl )Ks/JmJl
= φ
(0)2ω2/(1 + φ
(0)2)
s2 + ω2 . (11)
Comparing (2) with (11) yields the following relationship between
τ reac and Sd :
Sd = Kτreac (12)
K =
(1 + φ
(0)2)φ
(x)
Jtφ(0)ω2 . (13)
Equation (12) implies that Sd can be estimated from only available
signals, θ and τ ref .However, plant deviations, disturbances,
and inevitable identified errors on plant parameters such as Jt
and φ may cause to poor estimation of Sd . In order to improve
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