This study provides evidence on the relation between the distribution of share ownership and corporate value.
On the whole, the evidence suggests that the make up of the ownership structure of a firm is an important factor
in the corporate governance process. The primary premise of this study is twofold. First, simply examining the
overall shareholding by institutional investors does not consider the level of monitoring exercised by these
investors. Because the case for enhancing firm value rests on the argument that institutional and corporate
investors engage in close monitoring it is important to segregate institutional and corporate investors that do
and do not engage in active monitoring. Institutions with board representation are active investors and in this
study those without board representation are treated as passive investors. Second, the paper argues that active
investors, similar to insiders, may behave differently at higher ownership levels. That is, the level of investment
held by active investors may have a non-linear relation with corporate value.