Accounting History
Accounting happened since Sumer in Mesopotamia fertile lands. In the beginning was just to collect data on agricultural yields . The value of those Accounts with the same basic technical mathematics. (Double accounting system It refers to the recording of financial transactions by recording both positive ( debit or may be called to account on the left) to the negative ( digital TV , or may be called to account on the right) . each recording has to be the sum of the positive with the negative side of zero ) occurs in Italy before 1543 by Luca Pacioli published a book called Vennice , a book about the record. On the basis of all accounts of that equation. "Assets = Liabilities + Capital" , and revenues and expenses are considered part of the capital.
The purpose of accounting
1. To the trade event.
2. So the owners know that during that time the assets, liabilities and equity. Is how much and how?
3. To be a factor in the investment decisions of businessmen and decision making in the management of the business owner.
4. To prevent fraud and loss of assets.
5. So that is mandated by law.
6. To a tool used to calculate the tax to be paid to the state.
Extent of account
That account for the scope of Can be classified into two major categories.
1. Financial Accounting (Financial Accounting) - The accounting records prepared in accordance with accounting standards or generally accepted accounting principles, including balance sheet, income statement, statement of cash flows. Accounting policies and notes to the financial statements. To report to external parties such as investors , creditors, shareholders, Government employees.
2. Accounting for Management (Managerial Accounting) - is provided to the user to gather information to individuals within the Company, including Executive Director, Head of department head, etc. to use in planning . And control operations to ensure efficiency. Information is part of the accounting. Combined with other data, both monetary and non-monetary, such as the number of hours worked . The number of units of raw material accounting reports for management with a variety of forms depending on the needs of management.