2.3. Pain provocation test
Pain provocation test was made for 37 drivers, three drivers were excluded, one due to accident, one by work disability, other than back problem and one by unemployment in the bus company. Pain provocation test was made by using a modified electric toothbrush (Braun D-3, Braun AG, Germany), with a stable, blunt head 1 cm2 in side as described first by Yrjama and Vanharanta [32] and have been proven to be sensitive and specific for internal disc disruptions. The frequency of the vibrator device was 42–50 Hz. Four lumbar (L2–L5) spinal processes were palpated and compressed with the blunt head of the device one by one at a right angle of the skin with the force of 1–3 kg/cm2. Each spinal process was vibrated 2–5 s.
2.3. Pain provocation test
Pain provocation test was made for 37 drivers, three drivers were excluded, one due to accident, one by work disability, other than back problem and one by unemployment in the bus company. Pain provocation test was made by using a modified electric toothbrush (Braun D-3, Braun AG, Germany), with a stable, blunt head 1 cm2 in side as described first by Yrjama and Vanharanta [32] and have been proven to be sensitive and specific for internal disc disruptions. The frequency of the vibrator device was 42–50 Hz. Four lumbar (L2–L5) spinal processes were palpated and compressed with the blunt head of the device one by one at a right angle of the skin with the force of 1–3 kg/cm2. Each spinal process was vibrated 2–5 s.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
