If the extent of local disease precludes complete
removal, cytoreduction (partial surgical resection
of bulky disease) in some situations can improve
the ability of other treatment modalities to control
residual disease. Surgical removal of metastatic
disease with curative intent may also be used for
patients with a single site of metastatic disease, such
as the lung, liver or brain, provided it can be resected
without major morbidity.
Surgery may also be used for the treatment
of oncological emergencies, such as treatment of
exsanguinating haemorrhage, perforation, intestinal
obstruction or impending destruction of vital organs,
and for palliation.
Palliative surgery can significantly improve quality
of life for some patients, and includes procedures to
relieve intestinal obstruction and other mechanical
problems, and to remove tumours that are causing
severe pain (Rosenberg 2008).
Although oncological surgery is often recognised
to be the primary treatment modality in most
solid malignancies, integration with other types
of treatment is essential for successful outcomes.
Furthermore, some solid tumours are curable with
radiotherapy, either alone or in combination with
chemotherapy (Widder and Pötter 2006).
If the extent of local disease precludes completeremoval, cytoreduction (partial surgical resectionof bulky disease) in some situations can improvethe ability of other treatment modalities to controlresidual disease. Surgical removal of metastaticdisease with curative intent may also be used forpatients with a single site of metastatic disease, suchas the lung, liver or brain, provided it can be resectedwithout major morbidity.Surgery may also be used for the treatmentof oncological emergencies, such as treatment ofexsanguinating haemorrhage, perforation, intestinalobstruction or impending destruction of vital organs,and for palliation.Palliative surgery can significantly improve qualityof life for some patients, and includes procedures torelieve intestinal obstruction and other mechanicalproblems, and to remove tumours that are causingsevere pain (Rosenberg 2008).Although oncological surgery is often recognisedto be the primary treatment modality in mostsolid malignancies, integration with other typesof treatment is essential for successful outcomes.Furthermore, some solid tumours are curable withradiotherapy, either alone or in combination withchemotherapy (Widder and Pötter 2006).
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