y The authors wish to thank several individuals that have helped in one way or another in
the creation of this essay. We are very grateful to Roxane Gudeman of Macalester College for
her perceptive insights and substantial contributions to the original research for this paper, and we
wish to thank Ms. Janie C. Morris and Ms. Elizabeth Dunn of the Rare Book, Manuscript, and
Special Collections Library at Duke University. Finally, we wish to thank especially Seth Adam
Tulman, undergraduate student of economics at Duke University, for his excellent research
assistance in the AEA Archives. We are especially grateful to Timothy Taylor, James Hines, and
Andrei Shleifer for their helpful comments on the previous draft of this paper.