Reality, models/representations, language and symbols need to be effectively connected so that students can move back and forth flexibly between them when interpreting and solving mathematical problems. Of particular importance in abstracting number is the Payne and Rathmell triangle. The Payne and Rathmell (1977) triangle (see figure below) is an excellent vehicle for connecting real-world problems, representations, language and symbols. Activities and questions should be constructed that encourage students to connect and move flexibly between model, language and symbols in all directions.