The relationship between number of moles and molecules and temperature and pressure and volume held constant?
Can anyone explain to me conceptually in terms of what is happening on the molecular level and why this relationship makes sense.
3 answers · Physics
Best Answer
First of all, there will always be 6.02x10^23 molecules in every mole, regardless of any other conditions. This is how moles are defined.
Also, these relationships are only mostly true. They would be completely true if you were dealing with an ideal gas, which does not exist. An ideal gas is defined as a gas that
1. Each particle within the gas has a volume of zero
2. There are no intermolecular forces between the particles of the gas
3. The collisions of the gas particles are perfectly elastic
The more ideal a gas is, the more is follows these relationships. For example, Helium is a very good "ideal" gas because of the small size of its particles and the low intermolecular forces.
The ideal gas law can be written as this:
PV=nRT
Where P is the pressure, V is volume, n is number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature.
This gives us some idea of what happens in a gas when we change on of the variables. For example, if P increases and everything else stays the same except for T, then T must also increase. This is necessary to keep both sides of the equation equal. This works out mathematically, but the physical meaning still needs to be explained. Here it goes.
1. T increases, P increases.
Temperature is defined as the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance. Kinetic energy is the energy of movement, so the more kinetic energy (temperature) the gas has, the faster the particles move. This causes the particles to run into each other and the sides of the container more often, causing a greater force per area on the walls. This force per area is known as pressure.
2. T increases, V increases
Imagine a balloon filled with air. If the air inside the balloon is heated, the particles (in this case, air molecules) run into the walls more frequently. However, because the walls of the balloon are elastic, they stretch (increasing the volume of the balloon) so that the pressure inside the balloon is the same as the pressure outside. Even though the particles are moving faster, they have more space move in and therefore do not collide more often.
3. V increase, P decrease
Same balloon as last time except keep temperature constant. If you could somehow pull at the walls to increase the volume, the particles would have more space to move in but not be moving any faster. This would decrease the overall force of collisions, and thusly decrease the pressure.
4. n increase, P increase
Consider a container with rigid walls filled with air. If more air is pumped into the container (number of moles increases), then the distance between the particles decreases (more particles per volume). This means that the particles run into each other and the walls more often and the pressure increases.
5. n increase, T decrease
Consider the same rigid container filled with air. This time, more air is pumped into it, but you want the pressure to be the same. There are now more particles to collide with each other and the walls, so the only way to lower the frequency of these collisions is to make the particles move slower. In other words, decrease the temperature.
6. n increase, V increase
Blowing up a balloon is an excellent example of this. You pump more air into the balloon so that n increases. The walls of the balloon stretch to keep the pressure constant, and the temperature of the balloon stays the same (unless you have very hot breath). The particles require more space now that there are more of them, and the balloon provides this by increasing its volume.
I hope this explanation helped at all and wasn't too wordy.
The relationship between number of moles and molecules and temperature and pressure and volume held constant?Can anyone explain to me conceptually in terms of what is happening on the molecular level and why this relationship makes sense.3 answers · Physics Best AnswerFirst of all, there will always be 6.02x10^23 molecules in every mole, regardless of any other conditions. This is how moles are defined. Also, these relationships are only mostly true. They would be completely true if you were dealing with an ideal gas, which does not exist. An ideal gas is defined as a gas that 1. Each particle within the gas has a volume of zero 2. There are no intermolecular forces between the particles of the gas 3. The collisions of the gas particles are perfectly elastic The more ideal a gas is, the more is follows these relationships. For example, Helium is a very good "ideal" gas because of the small size of its particles and the low intermolecular forces. The ideal gas law can be written as this: PV=nRT Where P is the pressure, V is volume, n is number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature. This gives us some idea of what happens in a gas when we change on of the variables. For example, if P increases and everything else stays the same except for T, then T must also increase. This is necessary to keep both sides of the equation equal. This works out mathematically, but the physical meaning still needs to be explained. Here it goes. 1. T increases, P increases. Temperature is defined as the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance. Kinetic energy is the energy of movement, so the more kinetic energy (temperature) the gas has, the faster the particles move. This causes the particles to run into each other and the sides of the container more often, causing a greater force per area on the walls. This force per area is known as pressure. 2. T increases, V increases Imagine a balloon filled with air. If the air inside the balloon is heated, the particles (in this case, air molecules) run into the walls more frequently. However, because the walls of the balloon are elastic, they stretch (increasing the volume of the balloon) so that the pressure inside the balloon is the same as the pressure outside. Even though the particles are moving faster, they have more space move in and therefore do not collide more often. 3. V increase, P decrease Same balloon as last time except keep temperature constant. If you could somehow pull at the walls to increase the volume, the particles would have more space to move in but not be moving any faster. This would decrease the overall force of collisions, and thusly decrease the pressure. 4. n increase, P increase Consider a container with rigid walls filled with air. If more air is pumped into the container (number of moles increases), then the distance between the particles decreases (more particles per volume). This means that the particles run into each other and the walls more often and the pressure increases. 5. n increase, T decrease Consider the same rigid container filled with air. This time, more air is pumped into it, but you want the pressure to be the same. There are now more particles to collide with each other and the walls, so the only way to lower the frequency of these collisions is to make the particles move slower. In other words, decrease the temperature. 6. n increase, V increase Blowing up a balloon is an excellent example of this. You pump more air into the balloon so that n increases. The walls of the balloon stretch to keep the pressure constant, and the temperature of the balloon stays the same (unless you have very hot breath). The particles require more space now that there are more of them, and the balloon provides this by increasing its volume. I hope this explanation helped at all and wasn't too wordy.
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