The data analysis testing the hypothesized relationships in our research framework was conducted at three stages.
In the first stage, exploratory factor analyses (EFA) with varimax rotation were performed to determine the underlying dimensions of TM motives practices order to discriminant validity between studied variables (Mentzer & Flint, 1997).
The next stage involved testing of the measurement models for each construct using confirmatory factor analysis (cFA) in order to determine if the extracted dimensions in earlier stage are in fact unidimen- sional (testing for convergent validity) (Garver & Mentzer, 1999) and offered a good fit to the data. Finally, due to the nature of the dependent variable, a binary logistic regression procedure was used in testing the study's hypotheses The binomial logistic model explains to what extent the relative importance of TM motives as well as the emphasis on the implementation ofTM practices varies Turkish firms and MNE subsidiaries. A positive sign on the independent variable coefficients indicates the likelihood of the higher level of importance of TM motives and emphasis placed the use of TM practices by MNE subsidiaries in Turkey, while negative sign indicates that of the higher level of importance and/ or emphasis by domestic firms. These stages are discussed in more detail in the following subsections