This tendency is not restricted to planning of transport infrastructure projects (see, e.g. Hall,
1980; Kharbanda & Stallworthy, 1983), but due to the influential studies by Flyvbjerg (2007) and colleagues it has probably received increased attention here compared to other fields of planning. However, large-scale ex-post appraisals of demand forecasts remain relatively rare, both in transport infrastructure planning and elsewhere (Hartgen, 2013; Nicolaisen, 2012; Van Wee, 2007)