Erosion in the interfluves was not well explained by precipitation
parameters used in the study, and during a rainy period in spring
2013, both deposition and erosion were recorded in the interfluves.
Rainfall energy and the size and fall velocity of the raindrops may contribute
to interfluve soil loss through splash erosion, and freeze-thaw
processes may also play an important role. Needle ice was observed
on site on numerous occasions, and from January 1 through March 31,
2013 fifty six days experienced temperature fluctuations above and
below freezing, conditions appropriate for needle ice to form. This results
in loose and unconsolidated frost heaved soil which is easily eroded
by rain or snow melt runoff. This same phenomenon was observed
by Davis (1919) in the Appalachian and Piedmont area, and by Hu
et al. (2007) in northern China.