Advances in DC–DC Converters for PV Systems As was introduced in Figure 1, the dc– dc conversion stage is usually introduced to adapt the voltage range of the PV array to the dc bus of the PV inverter, and it simultaneously develops the MPPT control. Related to this issue, another topic of growing interest in the PV topologies has emerged in the field of module integrated converters (MICs). Generally, an MIC is a self-powered, high- efficiency, step-up dc–dc converter with galvanic isolation that operates with autonomous control and is integrated to the PV panel for tracking the maximum power point locally. The galvanic isolation is essential to reduce ground leakage currents and grid current total harmonic distortion. As in the case of the previously mentioned PV inverters, the research trends here are directed toward the highest possible power conversion efficiency and power density. According to our research survey, the resonant power conversion with the maximum possible utilization of the parasitic elements of the circuit and the widebandgap semiconductors is the most popular approach for MIC performance improvement.