The attribute-based nature of the model allows the flexibility to determine parameters at the delivery vehicle level. Therefore, affording the characterization of multiple third-party logistics firms that can adapt their scheduling and routing in order to mitigate their collective carbon emissions. Provided product availability and supply chain topologies, the model can describe emissions due to carriers running on diesel or different ethanol mixes. Coordinating backhauling operations across firms under horizontal cooperation can leverage another opportunity for emissions mitigation.