Terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism
Terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP)
fingerprinting is a reliable, sensitive and high
throughput method for monitoring the diversity, structure,
and dynamics of microbial populations (Nocker et
al. 2007; Schutte et al. 2008; Frey et al. 2009). It
involves PCR amplification of 16S rRNA gene and
digestion of PCR products with restriction enzymes.
The resulting fluorescently labeled terminal restriction fragments
(T-RFs) are visualized on an automated sequencer.
Based on the variation in size of T-RFs, a fingerprint is generated
in which the number of peaks indicates the number of different
T-RFs present, while the height and area of these peaks correspond
to their relative abundance. Each T-RF represents a
unique OTU. The peak patterns can be further analyzed using
online tools such as TAP-TRFLP, TRiFle, and TRF-CUT. Using
T-RFLP analysis, Fernando et al. (2010) determined the differences
in bacterial community between prairie hay-fed animals
and animals adapted to a high-concentrate diet. T-RFLP analyses
identified a total of 115 different bacterial genera. On the
basis of the phylogenetic assignment, it was observed that no
significant change occurs in the ratios of the phyla Firmicutes/
Bacteroidetes between hay-fed animals and high-concentratefed
animals. Khafipour et al. (2009) applied this technique
for the determination of subacute ruminal acidosis in
dairy cattle and revealed a decline in Gram-negative
Bacteroidetes organisms during subacute ruminal acidosis.
The establishment of bacteria (Yanez-Ruiz et al.
2010; Vasta et al. 2010) and methanogens (YanezRuiz
et al. 2010) in the rumen of lambs was also
evaluated by T-RFLP. In another study, the changes in
microbial diversity were studied as digesta passed from
rumen to duodenum (Frey et al. 2010). The main
drawback of this technique is that the incomplete or
nonspecific restrictions of amplicons can lead to the
ambiguous elucidation of microbial diversity.
Terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphismTerminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP)fingerprinting is a reliable, sensitive and highthroughput method for monitoring the diversity, structure,and dynamics of microbial populations (Nocker etal. 2007; Schutte et al. 2008; Frey et al. 2009). Itinvolves PCR amplification of 16S rRNA gene anddigestion of PCR products with restriction enzymes.The resulting fluorescently labeled terminal restriction fragments(T-RFs) are visualized on an automated sequencer.Based on the variation in size of T-RFs, a fingerprint is generatedin which the number of peaks indicates the number of differentT-RFs present, while the height and area of these peaks correspondto their relative abundance. Each T-RF represents aunique OTU. The peak patterns can be further analyzed usingonline tools such as TAP-TRFLP, TRiFle, and TRF-CUT. UsingT-RFLP analysis, Fernando et al. (2010) determined the differencesin bacterial community between prairie hay-fed animalsand animals adapted to a high-concentrate diet. T-RFLP analysesidentified a total of 115 different bacterial genera. On thebasis of the phylogenetic assignment, it was observed that nosignificant change occurs in the ratios of the phyla Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes between hay-fed animals and high-concentratefedanimals. Khafipour et al. (2009) applied this techniquefor the determination of subacute ruminal acidosis inนม และเปิดเผยปฏิเสธในแบคทีเรียแกรมลบชีวิต Bacteroidetes ระหว่าง acidosis กึ่ง ruminalสถานประกอบการของแบคทีเรีย (Ruiz Yanez et al2010 Vasta et al. 2010) และ methanogens (YanezRuizร้อยเอ็ด al. 2010) ในการต่อของ lambs ยังประเมิน โดย T-RFLP ในการศึกษาอื่น การเปลี่ยนแปลงในได้ศึกษาความหลากหลายของจุลินทรีย์เป็น digesta ผ่านจากต่อให้ duodenum (Frey et al. 2010) หลักเสียเปรียบของเทคนิคนี้คือการไม่สมบูรณ์ หรือข้อจำกัดที่เจาะจงของ amplicons สามารถนำไปสู่การelucidation ชัดเจนของความหลากหลายของจุลินทรีย์
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Terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism
Terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP)
fingerprinting is a reliable, sensitive and high
throughput method for monitoring the diversity, structure,
and dynamics of microbial populations (Nocker et
al. 2007; Schutte et al. 2008; Frey et al. 2009). It
involves PCR amplification of 16S rRNA gene and
digestion of PCR products with restriction enzymes.
The resulting fluorescently labeled terminal restriction fragments
(T-RFs) are visualized on an automated sequencer.
Based on the variation in size of T-RFs, a fingerprint is generated
in which the number of peaks indicates the number of different
T-RFs present, while the height and area of these peaks correspond
to their relative abundance. Each T-RF represents a
unique OTU. The peak patterns can be further analyzed using
online tools such as TAP-TRFLP, TRiFle, and TRF-CUT. Using
T-RFLP analysis, Fernando et al. (2010) determined the differences
in bacterial community between prairie hay-fed animals
and animals adapted to a high-concentrate diet. T-RFLP analyses
identified a total of 115 different bacterial genera. On the
basis of the phylogenetic assignment, it was observed that no
significant change occurs in the ratios of the phyla Firmicutes/
Bacteroidetes between hay-fed animals and high-concentratefed
animals. Khafipour et al. (2009) applied this technique
for the determination of subacute ruminal acidosis in
dairy cattle and revealed a decline in Gram-negative
Bacteroidetes organisms during subacute ruminal acidosis.
The establishment of bacteria (Yanez-Ruiz et al.
2010; Vasta et al. 2010) and methanogens (YanezRuiz
et al. 2010) in the rumen of lambs was also
evaluated by T-RFLP. In another study, the changes in
microbial diversity were studied as digesta passed from
rumen to duodenum (Frey et al. 2010). The main
drawback of this technique is that the incomplete or
nonspecific restrictions of amplicons can lead to the
ambiguous elucidation of microbial diversity.
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