has been measured by an HD9021 calibrated radiometer
(DeltaOhm S.r.l.), equipped with two detector heads, one for UVB 280– 315 nm spectral region and another for UVA 315–400 nm one. Both the UVB and UVA irradiances have been measured, being the results values 1.8 and 9.5 mW/cm2 respectively. An erythemal irradiance of 0.5 mW/cm2 has been measured by an erythema like radiometer [19],towhichcorrespondtoadoseof 3, 9, 15 and 30 SED for the four different exposure times
Table 1 RMS surface roughness of the different materials tested.
RMS surface roughness (mm) In Vivo Skin 16.30.2 Transpore1 7.30.5 Vitro-SkinTM 16.10.3 Roughened quartz 1.80.1 PMMA plates 2.60.1 PTFE 4.70.1
Fig. 1. (20 optical zoom) (a) In vivo microscopic image of skin; (b) microscopic image of Transpore 3M; (c) microscopic image of hydrated Vitro-Skin; (d) microscopic image of not-hydrated Vitro-Skin; (e) microscopic image of roughened quartz; (f) microscopic image of roughened PMMA plate; (g) microscopic image of one PTFE sample.
Table 2 Sunscreens main ingredients.
SPF 4 SPF 6 SPF 8 SPF 12 SPF 15 SPF 20 SPF 30
Bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine X X X X X Butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane X X X X X X X Disodium phenyl dibenzimidazole tetrasulfonate X X Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate XX Ethylhexyl triazone X X X Octocrylene X X X Titanium dioxide XXXX
D