company compiled a list of all the available brands for each product category. The number of brands ranges from 25 to 60, depending on the product category. The respondents were required to select the brand(s) they had used or purchased in the past one year. The frequency of purchase was not measured due to the lack of accuracy in consumers’ recall of their purchase history. Then, we use the number of brands that consumers purchased within the last year as the basis to analyze their brand purchase pattern. We divide the consumers into two groups: 1) those who bought foreign brands and 2) those who bought only domestic brands. For non durable goods, we also derived the ratio of foreign vs.