A hopeful sign is that in decentralizing extension to more local levels, opportunities for active participation are increasing. Kenya's National Agricultural and Livestock Program has established stakeholder forums to decide on extension service priorities at the district and subdistrict levels, in which farmers are given a substantial is too early to determine how much more responsive the new sys- tem will be to the needs of women farmers or whether the long-run impact will be greater than past efforts. In another development, Esther Duflo, Michael Kremer, and Jonathan Robinson presented intriguing