Results All cases of Kaposi’s sarcoma occurred during
transplant function. Standardised incidence ratios were
significantly elevated during transplant function, but not
during dialysis after transplant failure, for non-Hodgkin’s
lymphoma, lip cancer, and melanoma. For each of these
cancers, incidence was significantly lower during dialysis
after transplant failure in multivariate analysis (incidence
rate ratios 0.20 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.65) for non-Hodgkin’s
lymphoma, 0.04 (0.01 to 0.31) for lip cancer, and 0.16
(0.04 to 0.64) for melanoma). In contrast, standardised
incidence ratios during dialysis after transplant failure
remained significantly elevated for leukaemia and lung
cancer, and cancers related to end stage kidney disease
(kidney, urinary tract, and thyroid cancers), with thyroid
cancer incidence significantly higher during dialysis after
transplant failure (incidence rate ratio 6.77 (2.64 to
17.39)). There was no significant difference in incidence
by transplant function for other cancers.