It is advantageous to determine the location of a fault on a transmission line or a cable, as this is
extremely helpful in any maintenance or repair operation that may be necessary in the wake of a
fault. It should be recognized that distance relays may set a flag which indicates the zone in which
a fault is detected, but such a coarse estimate of fault location is not sufficient to be of help in
maintenance work. There are techniques for locating a fault, which depend upon the fault creating
a permanent discontinuity on the line, which can then be determined by subjecting the unenergized
line to injected traveling waves