cultureExponentially growing cells were inoculated at 5.0 × 105cells/mL into a 3-L BIOFLO 110 bioreactor (New Brunswick Scien-tific, Edison, NJ, USA) with a working volume of 1 L. The agitationspeed was 50 rpm, and the dissolved oxygen concentration wascontrolled at 50% of air saturation. The culture temperatures werecontrolled at 33◦C and 37◦C. The culture pH was controlled atvarious pH levels (6.7, 6.9, 7.2, and 7.5) by manipulating CO2gasor adding 1 M NaHCO3. Samples were collected daily from thebioreactor to determine the viable cell concentration using an auto-mated cell counter (Countess, Invitrogen). Culture supernatantswere aliquoted and stored at −70◦C for further analyses. Threeindependent cultures were generated at each temperature and pHlevel.