It has been known for many years that azo compounds are very
important in the field of organic colorants and advanced materials.
Azo compound consists of at least a conjugated chromophore azo
(N_N) group in association with one or more aromatic or heterocy-
clic system. Since their discovery in the 19th century, azo compounds
have been extensively used as colorants and account for over 50% of
all commercial dyes [1–4]. In recent years, azo dyes have attracted
wide interest and found many uses in various fields such as dyeing of
textile fibers, coloring of different materials, biological–medical studies,
organic synthesis and advanced applications including optical storage
capacity, optical switching, holography and non-linear optical
properties [5–10].
Furthermore, azo dyes with hydroxyl group at ortho to azo band dis-
play tautomerism depending on the proton transfer. Tautomers are
structural isomers of the same chemical substance that usually have dif-
ferent technical properties. Small changes in molecular structure or sol-
vent environment can considerably change the ratio of tautomers.
Determination and characterization of tautomeric equilibrium are inter-
esting and extensively studied during the recent decades using both
theoretical calculations and experimental approaches
It has been known for many years that azo compounds are veryimportant in the field of organic colorants and advanced materials.Azo compound consists of at least a conjugated chromophore azo(N_N) group in association with one or more aromatic or heterocy-clic system. Since their discovery in the 19th century, azo compoundshave been extensively used as colorants and account for over 50% ofall commercial dyes [1–4]. In recent years, azo dyes have attractedwide interest and found many uses in various fields such as dyeing oftextile fibers, coloring of different materials, biological–medical studies,organic synthesis and advanced applications including optical storagecapacity, optical switching, holography and non-linear opticalproperties [5–10]. Furthermore, azo dyes with hydroxyl group at ortho to azo band dis-play tautomerism depending on the proton transfer. Tautomers arestructural isomers of the same chemical substance that usually have dif-ferent technical properties. Small changes in molecular structure or sol-vent environment can considerably change the ratio of tautomers.Determination and characterization of tautomeric equilibrium are inter-esting and extensively studied during the recent decades using boththeoretical calculations and experimental approaches
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