Based on this model, a solar cell module possessing energy-saving characteristics was designed and is shown in Figures 3a–3d. The structure consisted of three sections, including a low reflective index medium (e.g., VO2-based particle or film), light guider layers and solar cells. To collect scattered light using this structure, the light
guider layers should have a high reflective index associated with the reflective material, which enables the scattering light to propagate between the light guider layers and be reflected to the solar cells. The total internal reflection occurs when light propagates into an optic- ally thinner medium from a denser medium with an incident angle larger than the total internal reflection angle c. The VO2-based particle can scatter some of light to solar cells for generation.