Polyurethane resins (UR) are either single or two-component compounds, which provide good humidity and chemical resistance, with high sustained dielectric properties. Due to their high chemical resistance, removal of the coating requires the use of stripping agents which may leave ionic residues. These need to be thoroughly cleaned to prevent corrosion on the underlying board. Polyurethanes can be soldered through for rework, but usually results in a brownish residue, which affects the appearance of the assembly. Polyurethanes have medium bond strength and tend to peel or flake off in large pieces. Polyurethane resins can be applied by brush, spray, or dip-coating. Figure 3-4 shows an example of urethane polymerization, isocyanates reacting with alcohols to form urethane linkages in polymer chains.