devices; ii) high-power lithium-ion batteries for HEVs, EVs
and power tools; and iii) long-cycle-life lithium-ion batteries
for UPS and SSBs. Many anode and cathode materials with
appropriate properties have been considered for different
types of lithium-ion batteries (Table 1). However, commercial
batteries are mostly based on micrometer-sized electrode
materials, which are limited by their kinetics, lithium-ion
intercalation capacities, and structural stability. The performance
of currently available lithium-ion batteries can only
meet the requirements of these different applications to some
degree; challenges still remain, naturally, in developing new
electrode materials for high energy density, high power density
(viz., higher rates), longer cycle life, and improved safety. The
development of nanostructured electrode materials is considered
to be the most promising avenue towards overcoming
the current limits and achieving these goals.[1–12] However, it is
necessary first of all to know how nanomaterials impact on the
performance of the lithium-ion batteries and what kinds of
mechanisms these nanomaterials exhibit. Here, we address the
benefits of nanometer size effects and the disadvantages of
using ‘nano’, as well as strategies for solving these issues and
fulfilling the nanomaterials’ potential.
2.1. Benefits of Nanometer Size Effects
Nanomaterials can play a large role in improving the
performance of lithium-ion batteries, because in nanoparticle
devices; ii) high-power lithium-ion batteries for HEVs, EVs
and power tools; and iii) long-cycle-life lithium-ion batteries
for UPS and SSBs. Many anode and cathode materials with
appropriate properties have been considered for different
types of lithium-ion batteries (Table 1). However, commercial
batteries are mostly based on micrometer-sized electrode
materials, which are limited by their kinetics, lithium-ion
intercalation capacities, and structural stability. The performance
of currently available lithium-ion batteries can only
meet the requirements of these different applications to some
degree; challenges still remain, naturally, in developing new
electrode materials for high energy density, high power density
(viz., higher rates), longer cycle life, and improved safety. The
development of nanostructured electrode materials is considered
to be the most promising avenue towards overcoming
the current limits and achieving these goals.[1–12] However, it is
necessary first of all to know how nanomaterials impact on the
performance of the lithium-ion batteries and what kinds of
mechanisms these nanomaterials exhibit. Here, we address the
benefits of nanometer size effects and the disadvantages of
using ‘nano’, as well as strategies for solving these issues and
fulfilling the nanomaterials’ potential.
2.1. Benefits of Nanometer Size Effects
Nanomaterials can play a large role in improving the
performance of lithium-ion batteries, because in nanoparticle
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