B. Hand shaking method (Thin film hydration technique) The mixture of vesicles forming ingredients like surfactant and cholesterol are dissolved in a volatile
organic solvent (diethyl ether, chloroform or methanol) in a round bottom flask. The organic solvent is removed at room temperature (20°C) using rotary evaporator leaving a thin layer of solid mixture deposited on the wall of the flask. The dried surfactant film can be rehydrated with aqueous phase at 0-60°C with gentle agitation. This process forms typical multilamellar niosomes (Baillie et al., 1986).