2. Literature review
Twenty five years ago, the new concept of organizational change was introduced to the literature of the
management discipline. This new concept denoted the gradual improvement of the activities of an organization by
rapid or slow change. Developing the function of an organization depends on improving the function of its staff. In
any organization, change is always accompanied by rapid and extensive transformation of three aspects, namely
human resources, organizational workspace, and equipment as the facilities of the organisation (Kordrostami &
Aghakhani, 2006).