In the holistic analysis, each student response to each open-ended problem was scored at each of five levels (0–4). In general, to receive a score of 4, a
student’s explanation or solution process must show a correct answer and complete understanding of the problem. A
score of 3 indicated that a student’s explanation or solution process was basically correct and complete, except for a
minor error (e.g., minor computation error), omission, or ambiguity (e.g., part of the work is not interpretable).