Internal pyrethroid exposure was assessed by measuring the
urinary concentrations of the pyrethroid metabolites cis- and trans-
3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
(cis-DCCA and trans-DCCA) and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA),
which are the main metabolites of permethrin but also metabolites
of other pyrethroid insecticides (e.g. cypermethrin). In order to
determine the urinary metabolite concentrations,