The objective of maintaining the balance between these groups of interest in Article 9 of the Brene Convention and the three-step test was later incorporated in to the TRIPS Agreement in Article 9(1) of TRIPS, which requires its Members to comply with Article 1 through 21 of the Berne Convention (1971). In other words , the notion in Article 9 of the Berne Convention has been incorporated in to the TRIPS Agreement by reference and as a result WTO Members must also comply with Article 9 of Berne Convention. This notion was also embodied in Article 13 of TRIPS which reiterates the words of Article 9(2) of the Berne Convention. It permits WTO Members to create exception to the exclusive rights provided under TRIPS but is also subject to the three-step test in Article 13. In addition , the WTO Secretariat has stated that the TRIPS Agreement aims to strike an appropriate balance by recognizing in Article 7 thereof that the protection of intellectual property rights should contribute to the promotion of technological innovation, the transfer and dissemination of technology, to the mutual advantage of users and producers technological knowledge and in a manner conducive to social and economic welfare and to a balance of rights and obligations. It emphasizes that finding a balance in the protection of copyright between the short-term interests in maximizing access and the long-term interests in promoting creativity and innovation is the goal of the TRIPS Agreement.