Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) was defined as a diastolic
blood pressure over 90 mm Hg or a systolic blood pressure over
140 mm Hg after 20 weeks of pregnancy in women who had had a
normal blood pressure at the onset of pregnancy. PIH and proteinuria
(measured by positive dip-stick; at least two positive results needed)
was defined as pre-eclampsia. Severe pre-eclampsia included general
symptoms of PE and/or a diastolic blood pressure over 110 mm Hg or
a systolic blood pressure over 160 mm Hg. Delivery complications
assessed were shoulder dystocia, instrumental vaginal delivery, induction
of labor, and the occurrence of cesarean.