1. Introduction
Ambient (warm) loading of citrus fruit into refrigerated
containers (reefer) for cooling during marine transport can serve
as an alternative for well-established forced-air pre-cooling (FAC)
of produce, either inland or at the harbour, prior to shipping
overseas (Defraeye et al., 2015; Heap, 2006; Thompson, 2004). It is
also frequently used for banana fruit (Jedermann et al., 2014, 2013).
Ambient loading differs strongly from FAC (Fig. 1) as it implies
vertical airflow, much lower airflow rates and a lower installed
cooling capacity, which are prescribed by the refrigerated
container type. This cold-chain strategy is of interest if FAC
facilities are not available (e.g., in some developing countries) or if
1. IntroductionAmbient (warm) loading of citrus fruit into refrigeratedcontainers (reefer) for cooling during marine transport can serveas an alternative for well-established forced-air pre-cooling (FAC)of produce, either inland or at the harbour, prior to shippingoverseas (Defraeye et al., 2015; Heap, 2006; Thompson, 2004). It isalso frequently used for banana fruit (Jedermann et al., 2014, 2013).Ambient loading differs strongly from FAC (Fig. 1) as it impliesvertical airflow, much lower airflow rates and a lower installedcooling capacity, which are prescribed by the refrigeratedcontainer type. This cold-chain strategy is of interest if FACfacilities are not available (e.g., in some developing countries) or if
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