CONCLUSIONS
This article addresses energy efficiency of mobile
cellular networks, which is a concern of industry,
operators, as well as of regulatory bodies and the
society. It stresses that for fundamental improvements of the energy efficiency of wireless broadband access, joint optimizations yielding an
optimum at system level need to be aimed at
rather than optimizing single aspects or components. Initially, it presents a framework for energy efficiency evaluation, identifying the levels
that need to be addressed, i.e., component, link
and network. Metrics need to be taken for such
assessment, capturing, e.g., the backhaul power
consumption, and system parameters, e.g., quality of service.
It is important to perform an assessment of
the power consumption distribution of the different radio components and subsystems in typical communication scenarios. A key fraction of
this consumption is observed in the power amplification stage. Digital platforms should actively
support advanced power management, together
with dynamic voltage and frequency scaling
adapted to the workload. Energy-scalable reconfigurable transmitters and their control strategy
are also key building blocks in this approach.
Radio interfaces and transmission techniques
play also an important role. Aspects like spectral
efficiency and information overhead need to be
considered; however, more efficient techniques
usually require a much more complex computation, which leads to an increase of the associated
processing power, therefore, reinforcing the
need for the global overview of the problem.
Discontinuous transmission by base stations,
where hardware components, like power amplifiers, can be switched off, can be seen as one of
the directions to follow.
At the network level, the potential for reducing energy consumption lies in the layout of networks and their management. Network
management needs to take slowly changing daily
load patterns into account, as well as highly
dynamic traffic fluctuations. Moreover, research
has to analyze new architectures with more disruptive approaches, including multi-hop transmission, ad-hoc meshed networks,
terminal-to-terminal communications and cooperative multipoint architectures. The use of cellular heterogeneous structures, and cooperative
transmission from several base stations to one
mobile device, are further enablers.
In conclusion, research on energy efficiency
aspects of mobile cellular radio network has a
quite extensive list of topics to be addressed,
requiring an embracing analysis. The EARTH
project is pursuing this vision, targeting to subdue major energy savings by exploring the
approaches discussed within this article.
CONCLUSIONS
This article addresses energy efficiency of mobile
cellular networks, which is a concern of industry,
operators, as well as of regulatory bodies and the
society. It stresses that for fundamental improvements of the energy efficiency of wireless broadband access, joint optimizations yielding an
optimum at system level need to be aimed at
rather than optimizing single aspects or components. Initially, it presents a framework for energy efficiency evaluation, identifying the levels
that need to be addressed, i.e., component, link
and network. Metrics need to be taken for such
assessment, capturing, e.g., the backhaul power
consumption, and system parameters, e.g., quality of service.
It is important to perform an assessment of
the power consumption distribution of the different radio components and subsystems in typical communication scenarios. A key fraction of
this consumption is observed in the power amplification stage. Digital platforms should actively
support advanced power management, together
with dynamic voltage and frequency scaling
adapted to the workload. Energy-scalable reconfigurable transmitters and their control strategy
are also key building blocks in this approach.
Radio interfaces and transmission techniques
play also an important role. Aspects like spectral
efficiency and information overhead need to be
considered; however, more efficient techniques
usually require a much more complex computation, which leads to an increase of the associated
processing power, therefore, reinforcing the
need for the global overview of the problem.
Discontinuous transmission by base stations,
where hardware components, like power amplifiers, can be switched off, can be seen as one of
the directions to follow.
At the network level, the potential for reducing energy consumption lies in the layout of networks and their management. Network
management needs to take slowly changing daily
load patterns into account, as well as highly
dynamic traffic fluctuations. Moreover, research
has to analyze new architectures with more disruptive approaches, including multi-hop transmission, ad-hoc meshed networks,
terminal-to-terminal communications and cooperative multipoint architectures. The use of cellular heterogeneous structures, and cooperative
transmission from several base stations to one
mobile device, are further enablers.
In conclusion, research on energy efficiency
aspects of mobile cellular radio network has a
quite extensive list of topics to be addressed,
requiring an embracing analysis. The EARTH
project is pursuing this vision, targeting to subdue major energy savings by exploring the
approaches discussed within this article.
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