A prospective cohort in Leeds, UK, of
1303 pregnant women aged 18–45 years.
Questionnaires assessed alcohol consumption before
pregnancy and for the three trimesters separately.
Categories of alcohol consumption were divided into
≤2 units/week and >2 units/week with a nondrinking
category as referent. This was related to size
at birth and preterm delivery, adjusting for
confounders including salivary cotinine as a biomarker
of smoking status