cut-off PVDF membrane having an effective
membrane area of 0.0155 m2 (JW, GE Osmonics). UF was carried
out according to the batch concentration mode in which permeate
was continuously collected and the retentate stream were recirculated
back to the feed tank up to a volume reduction factor (VRF)
of about 5. The temperature of feed was kept constant at 2571 1C
using a heat exchanger. The UF system was operated at a
transmembrane pressure (TMP) of 3 bar, at a feed flow rate o