Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are at risk for protein–energy wasting, abnormal body
composition and impaired physical capacity. These complications lead to increased risk of
hospitalization, morbidity and mortality.
In CKD patient as well as in healthy people, there is a close association between nutrition and
physical activity. Namely, inadequate nutrient (energy) intake impairs physical performance
thus favoring a sedentary lifestyle: this further contributes to loss of muscle strength and
mass, which limit the quality of life and rehabilitation of CKD patients. In CKD as well as in
end-stage-renal-disease patients, regular physical activity coupled with adequate energy and
protein intake counteracts protein–energy wasting and related comorbidity and mortality. In
summary, exercise training can positively influence nutritional status and the perception of
well-being of CKD patients and may facilitate the anabolic effects of nutritional interventions