The implementation of an industrial policy similar to those adopted by the successful East Asian economies such as Japan, Taiwan, and Korea seems to have become very popular with other late-developing government. This tendency is even more conspicuous when discussing the possible policy response to the so-called ‘unlimited competition’ resulting from globalization. An increasingly common view is that the government should help firms compete successfully in the international market and that the government should intervene, to a large extent, in adjusting the industrial structure to the globalization competitive environments. Yet the basic stance concerning the role of government taken in this chapter supports a concept diametrically opposed to this new trend of industrial policy. Globalization is a diversified and sometimes phenomenon that has different economic implications depending on the context. Therefore, it is especially difficult for a government to design a particular industrial structure that will be optimal for its economy in all circumstances. In this sense, one can further conjecture that economists’ search for an alternative industrial organization among the so-called American Florist, German Craft , and even the lean and flexible production system will not yield any definitive, single structure of industrial organization. Instead of adopting an active interventionist industrial policy that requires a tremendous volume of information and is not guaranteed to produce the correct solution, an effective response to globalization may be allow the order to prevail in discovering an optimal business and industrial structure. This entails giving the private sector maximum freedom to make structural adjustments in response to the globalization.