The self-leaders described by Manz and Sims (2001) continually execute
strategies to make themselves more effective leaders; these self-leadership strategies
focus on enhancing the leaders' own performance, as well as that of those around them.
Ho and Nesbit (2009) stated "given the current trend of globalization, cross-cultural self leadership is important for managers who must understand and improve the performance
of employees in the twenty-first century" (p. 471). This leadership style is the focus of
this research not only because of the global potential to develop self-leaders, but also
because of the impact self-leaders have on the development of those with whom they
work. Simply stated by Manz and Sims (2001), the best measure of self-leaders are not
the accolades they may receive, "instead, the effectiveness of leadership can be measured
by the success of others" (p 3).