There is increasing interest in effective decontamination treatments because healthy food-producing
animals can harbor food-borne pathogens and complete prevention of contamination during slaughter
can hardly be warranted. Thus we reviewed the available literature and appraised the antibacterial
activity of physical, chemical and biological interventions applied on cattle hides and beef carcasses.
Based on the evaluated studies, the efficacy of water sprayings, organic acids and their combinations was
most frequently investigated for the decontamination of cattle hides and beef carcasses. Most data
originated from laboratory-based studies using inoculated samples and extrapolation of these results to
commercial practices is restricted. Application of interventions at slaughter plants reduced the bacterial
loads on hides and carcasses to some extent, but reductions were clearly lower than those obtained
under laboratory conditions. Thus hot water, steam, acetic acid or lactic acid treatment mainly yielded
bacterial reductions below two orders of magnitude on carcasses. Under commercial conditions, the use
of multiple sequential interventions at different points during slaughter must also be considered in order
to enhance the microbiological safety of carcasses. On the other hand, decontamination treatments
always must be considered part of an integral food safety system.
There is increasing interest in effective decontamination treatments because healthy food-producinganimals can harbor food-borne pathogens and complete prevention of contamination during slaughtercan hardly be warranted. Thus we reviewed the available literature and appraised the antibacterialactivity of physical, chemical and biological interventions applied on cattle hides and beef carcasses.Based on the evaluated studies, the efficacy of water sprayings, organic acids and their combinations wasmost frequently investigated for the decontamination of cattle hides and beef carcasses. Most dataoriginated from laboratory-based studies using inoculated samples and extrapolation of these results tocommercial practices is restricted. Application of interventions at slaughter plants reduced the bacterialloads on hides and carcasses to some extent, but reductions were clearly lower than those obtainedunder laboratory conditions. Thus hot water, steam, acetic acid or lactic acid treatment mainly yieldedbacterial reductions below two orders of magnitude on carcasses. Under commercial conditions, the useof multiple sequential interventions at different points during slaughter must also be considered in orderto enhance the microbiological safety of carcasses. On the other hand, decontamination treatmentsalways must be considered part of an integral food safety system.
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