The methodological quality of each study was assessed using the PEDro scale (Verhagen et al., 1998) and two independent
reviewers. Inter-rater disagreements were resolved by discussion. The PEDro scale consists of 11 items related to the quality
of the study as follows: (1) specification of eligibility criteria, (2) randomly allocated subjects, (3) concealed allocation, (4)
homogeneity of important prognostic indicator in baseline, (5) blinding, (6) blinded therapy, (7) assessor blinding, (8)
obtained data at least on key outcome from more than 85%, (9) analysis was ‘‘intention to treat’’ for at least one key outcome,
(10) between-group statistical comparison of at least one key outcome, and (11) provided point measure and measures of
variability data for at least one key outcome. The range of sum score was from 0 to 10 because criterion 1 was related to
external validity (Verhagen et al., 1998). The PEDro scale scores of 9–10 are considered to be of excellent quality, scores of 6–
8 points and 4–5 points to be of good and fair quality, respectively, and scores below 4 to be of poor quality.
The methodological quality of each study was assessed using the PEDro scale (Verhagen et al., 1998) and two independent
reviewers. Inter-rater disagreements were resolved by discussion. The PEDro scale consists of 11 items related to the quality
of the study as follows: (1) specification of eligibility criteria, (2) randomly allocated subjects, (3) concealed allocation, (4)
homogeneity of important prognostic indicator in baseline, (5) blinding, (6) blinded therapy, (7) assessor blinding, (8)
obtained data at least on key outcome from more than 85%, (9) analysis was ‘‘intention to treat’’ for at least one key outcome,
(10) between-group statistical comparison of at least one key outcome, and (11) provided point measure and measures of
variability data for at least one key outcome. The range of sum score was from 0 to 10 because criterion 1 was related to
external validity (Verhagen et al., 1998). The PEDro scale scores of 9–10 are considered to be of excellent quality, scores of 6–
8 points and 4–5 points to be of good and fair quality, respectively, and scores below 4 to be of poor quality.
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