where: 1) ! is the per-scenario (s) profit from thermal generation,
which is a function of thermal energy revenues, thermal
production costs and start up cost, per time period and
generating unit; 2) is the per-scenario profit from RESs,
which depends on RES revenues and on production, operation
and maintenance costs; 3) ( is the profit from both traditional
(non-EV) and EV load serving; 4) is an imbalance