Feed rate is a direct function for surface roughness. Therefore, it is likely that feed rate will be reduced to obtain the desired surface finish and to maintain productivity. Rise in temperature during the machining process results in the severe plastic deformation which signifies the grain refinement of the machined surface because of thermal-mechanical effect and thus causes metallurgical modification of the surface. This may be attributed to high temperature gradient and flank wear land rubbing or formation of grooves on wear land which was observed by some investigators during turning of steels. Rapid heating and cooling during the machining process transform the surface material from austenitic to martensitic structure, which affects the molecular structure of material at the surface [28,29]. Another effect of the sudden heating and cooling is the carbide cracking during turning of AISI A2 tool steel, which leads to low surface quality. As a result of this, the formation of cracks on the surface leads to a decrease in material’s fatigue life substantially. AISI A2 alloy is strengthened by various types of carbides like chromium, tungsten, molybdenum and vanadium (Fig. 1b). A surface integrity problem arises when the carbide particles from these strengthening pieces detach/crack from the surface and smear to another part of the workpiece material. If the carbides are completely removed from the surface of the material while being unable to deform, these leave behind cavities, which causes high oscillations in the cutting forces. Therefore, carbide cracking may cause microcracks which enhance microlevel shear to start, and the result is poor surface finish which can be considered as a serious problem in terms of microscale surface integrity and is also reported in the literature [29].