All of the studies included had some form of recruitment criteria for the mothers who would be receiving support. Five studies reported on selection criteria for the volunteers who provided support. The volunteers in the sixth study were part of an existing volunteer home-support programme that did its own recruitment. All volunteers participated in some form of training and had continued support from a co-ordinator.
Interventions varied and included telephone-based support (Dennis 2003b, 2010, Dennis et al. 2009); both in-person and telephone support (Fogarty & Kingswell 2002); and in-home, face-to-face support (Murphy et al. 2008, Barnes et al. 2009).
In Barnes et al. (2009), support had no identifiable impact on emergence of depression, whereas in Dennis (2003b), the experimental group scored significantly lower on the EPDS than controls at each measurement period. Dennis et al. (2009) found a positive trend in favour of the intervention group for anxiety. Dennis et al. also found that the majority of participants who received and evaluated peer support were satisfied and would recommend it to a friend. Dennis (2010) found high levels of positive maternal perceptions of the peer support that was received. Similarly, in Fogarty and Kingswell (2002), mothers reported their Pal to be a good source of support, they were comfortable getting information from their Pal and they thought that their Pal was a good listener.
The Murphy et al. (2008) study focused on the challenges experienced when delivering peer mentoring. Difficulties were found specifically with regard to initiating contact, developing the peer–mentor relationship and external influences. In the studies that reported on it, there were both identifiable benefits and costs associated with volunteer participation. The benefits included learning, personal growth and new skills. Some of the challenges included initiating contact with the new mothers, the time commitment to provide continuous support and where ethnic and cultural differences created a barrier.
With the challenge of volunteer time commitment specifically in mind and the finding that in-home face-to-face support did not produce significantly better outcomes than telephone-based support, it is recommended that the use of telephone-based support be further explored and developed. Although Barnes et al. (2009) did not see an identifiable impact on emergence of depression, the mothers who received support in Dennis et al. (2009), Dennis (2010) and Fogarty and Kingswell (2002) positively evaluated the experience of having support highlighting that while challenges do exist with delivery of PPD peer support (Murphy et al. 2008), attempts to address these challenges should be made to continue providing this support that new mothers value. In particular, future PPD peer support programmes may benefit from some risk management planning for the challenges identified around initiating contact, developing the peer–mentor relationship and dealing with external influences.
All of the studies included had some form of recruitment criteria for the mothers who would be receiving support. Five studies reported on selection criteria for the volunteers who provided support. The volunteers in the sixth study were part of an existing volunteer home-support programme that did its own recruitment. All volunteers participated in some form of training and had continued support from a co-ordinator. Interventions varied and included telephone-based support (Dennis 2003b, 2010, Dennis et al. 2009); both in-person and telephone support (Fogarty & Kingswell 2002); and in-home, face-to-face support (Murphy et al. 2008, Barnes et al. 2009). In Barnes et al. (2009), support had no identifiable impact on emergence of depression, whereas in Dennis (2003b), the experimental group scored significantly lower on the EPDS than controls at each measurement period. Dennis et al. (2009) found a positive trend in favour of the intervention group for anxiety. Dennis et al. also found that the majority of participants who received and evaluated peer support were satisfied and would recommend it to a friend. Dennis (2010) found high levels of positive maternal perceptions of the peer support that was received. Similarly, in Fogarty and Kingswell (2002), mothers reported their Pal to be a good source of support, they were comfortable getting information from their Pal and they thought that their Pal was a good listener. The Murphy et al. (2008) study focused on the challenges experienced when delivering peer mentoring. Difficulties were found specifically with regard to initiating contact, developing the peer–mentor relationship and external influences. In the studies that reported on it, there were both identifiable benefits and costs associated with volunteer participation. The benefits included learning, personal growth and new skills. Some of the challenges included initiating contact with the new mothers, the time commitment to provide continuous support and where ethnic and cultural differences created a barrier. With the challenge of volunteer time commitment specifically in mind and the finding that in-home face-to-face support did not produce significantly better outcomes than telephone-based support, it is recommended that the use of telephone-based support be further explored and developed. Although Barnes et al. (2009) did not see an identifiable impact on emergence of depression, the mothers who received support in Dennis et al. (2009), Dennis (2010) and Fogarty and Kingswell (2002) positively evaluated the experience of having support highlighting that while challenges do exist with delivery of PPD peer support (Murphy et al. 2008), attempts to address these challenges should be made to continue providing this support that new mothers value. In particular, future PPD peer support programmes may benefit from some risk management planning for the challenges identified around initiating contact, developing the peer–mentor relationship and dealing with external influences.
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