where the dissociation constant, pKa, ranges from 9.09 to 9.90
dependent on temperature and salinity (Alabaster and Lloyd, 1982).
Lobster feed is high in protein and the ammonia excretion rates
in the animals are correspondingly high with average rates of
0.1–0.5 g TAN/kg day reported for adult lobster. Due to the high protein
content of the feed and the reported low tolerance to ammonia
(Wickins and Lee, 2002), the efficiency of the biofilter is vital in RAS
for lobsters