Methods
Data Collection
The study is a survey research using questionnaires to collect primary data. Population of the
study was the employees working in private sector. Two stages sampling was conducted with three
sample groups of general employees, supervisors, and managers. As the number of population was
infinite, sample size formula of Yamane (1967: 919) was employed with 5% variance making the
number of sample at 385. In case of any errors in answering questionnaire, 30 people (about 5% of
the sample) were added, so the sample size of each group was 415 people. The total sample,
therefore, was 1,215 people. The sample of each group was taken from small, medium, and large
organizations according to the set proportion of employment in different organizations.
Instruments and Instrument Test
Questionnaires developed for the study were based on the measurement on ethical work
climate perception of Victor and Cullen (1988) or Ethical Climate Questionnaire (ECQ) which has
been extensively employed. The ethical wok climate types consist of caring, law and code, rules,
instrumental and independence.
Opinion towards perception of ethical work climate was divided into 5 levels using a 5- point
Likert rating scale. The designed questionnaire was tested for its content validity by an expert. It,
then, was tested with 30 similar characters of sample for any possible errors as well as perception
and understanding of the respondents. After that, the questionnaire was revised for completeness
and tested for its internal consistency reliability. Results of reliability index are shown in table 1.