Pesticide residue analysis in food is one of the most important and challenging tasks in routine laboratory practice. The European legislation, which is currently the most strict legislation (European Regulation 396/2005 and Commission Directive 2006/125/EC), sets maximum residue limits (MRL) of pesticides in different products of plant and animal origins. This presents a significant analytical challenge with respect to the low limits of quantification (LOQ) required for some specific food matrices. Moreover, the diversity of pesticides and complexity of food sample matrixes present ongoing challenges for analytical chemists to meet the increasingly stringent requirements for sensitivity, precision and throughput.
There are many types of pesticides being used regularly in the agricultural industry, such as insecticides, rodenticide, fungicides, herbicides, and growth regulators. Because of the difference of chemical properties in each type of pesticide the simultaneous analysis of these residues is difficult and complicated. Generally, the analysis of pesticide residues are performed by GC coupled with electron capture detector (ECD) and/or flame photometric detector (FPD) and confirmed by GC/MS using Full Scan mode (FS). Although the sensitivity of GC-ECD and FPD are quite good, the techniques do not provide unequivocal confirmation. Moreover, even the sensitivity of FS GC/MS cannot reach those lowest levels to comply with the regulations.
Most food testing laboratories nowadays use multi-residue methods able to test many foods for several hundred residues at the same time. A combination of GC and LC methods have been developed for multi-residue determination of pesticides employing a variety of sample preparation and cleanup techniques.
Pesticide residue analysis in food is one of the most important and challenging tasks in routine laboratory practice. The European legislation, which is currently the most strict legislation (European Regulation 396/2005 and Commission Directive 2006/125/EC), sets maximum residue limits (MRL) of pesticides in different products of plant and animal origins. This presents a significant analytical challenge with respect to the low limits of quantification (LOQ) required for some specific food matrices. Moreover, the diversity of pesticides and complexity of food sample matrixes present ongoing challenges for analytical chemists to meet the increasingly stringent requirements for sensitivity, precision and throughput.There are many types of pesticides being used regularly in the agricultural industry, such as insecticides, rodenticide, fungicides, herbicides, and growth regulators. Because of the difference of chemical properties in each type of pesticide the simultaneous analysis of these residues is difficult and complicated. Generally, the analysis of pesticide residues are performed by GC coupled with electron capture detector (ECD) and/or flame photometric detector (FPD) and confirmed by GC/MS using Full Scan mode (FS). Although the sensitivity of GC-ECD and FPD are quite good, the techniques do not provide unequivocal confirmation. Moreover, even the sensitivity of FS GC/MS cannot reach those lowest levels to comply with the regulations. Most food testing laboratories nowadays use multi-residue methods able to test many foods for several hundred residues at the same time. A combination of GC and LC methods have been developed for multi-residue determination of pesticides employing a variety of sample preparation and cleanup techniques.
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