Introduction
Colorectal cancer and stoma operations cause
changes in a patient’s life because of the consequence
of psychosocial disturbance, limitations of bodily
function, and changes in personal daily living.
Reported concerns include stoma complications, body
image, gas and odor, tiredness, insomnia, and fear of
recurrence.1, 2 These situations affect quality of life
(QOL) as revealed by patients with cancer and
colostomies, their QOL is worse than those who do